Human urine fertilizer business – constraints and possibilities Surendra K Pradhan, Helvi Heinonen-Tanski, Alisa Puga Keesey (2026)
Human urine is rich in essential plant nutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). One person produces about 500 L of urine per year, corresponding to an estimated 2 kg of N, 0.3 kg of P, and 1 kg of K. These nutrients are sufficient to fertilize 0.4 hectares of land, which can produce some 270 kg of rice or 180 kg of wheat, or 190 kg of maize. To capture these nutrients, various types of urine-diverting toilets (UDTs) and urinals have been developed.
Bibliographic information
Surendra K Pradhan, Helvi Heinonen-Tanski, Alisa Puga Keesey (2026). Human urine fertilizer business – constraints and possibilities Surendra K Pradhan, Helvi Heinonen-Tanski, Alisa Puga Keesey
Filter / Tags
Product design and engineeringOtherGlobalWaterWasteSanitationToilets or urinals (user interface)Treatment of faecal sludgeEnglish
Downloads
Human urine fertilizer business – constraints and possibilities
Type: application/pdf
Size: 0.27 MB
